Photovoltaic Structures – Knowledge Popularization: Solar Mountings

Photovoltaic mounting systems are support structures that arrange photovoltaic modules at specific orientations and angles with fixed spacing, based on the specific geographical location, climate, and solar energy resources of the photovoltaic power generation system.

As a crucial component of a photovoltaic power generation system, photovoltaic mounting systems directly impact the operational safety, damage rate, and construction investment of photovoltaic modules. Choosing suitable photovoltaic mounting systems can not only reduce project costs but also decrease subsequent maintenance costs.

Photovoltaic mounting systems can be divided into three categories: fixed, tilt-adjustable, and automatic tracking. Their connection methods generally include welding and assembly. Fixed mounting systems can be further divided into rooftop mounting systems, ground-mounted mounting systems, and water-based mounting systems. Automatic tracking mounting systems are inclined single-axis tracking mounting systems.

Rooftop mounting systems are generally divided into color steel roof mounting systems, pitched roof (tile roof) mounting systems, flat roof mounting systems, and BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) mounting systems.

BIPV, or Building Integrated Photovoltaics, is a solar photovoltaic power generation system designed, constructed, and installed simultaneously with the building, forming a perfect integration with the building. BIPV is also known as "construction-based" or "material-based" solar photovoltaic buildings. As part of the building's external structure, the corrugated steel roof support system serves multiple functions: power generation, building component and material, and aesthetic enhancement, creating a unified whole.

The main components of a color steel roof mountings system include corrugated steel plate clamps or fasteners, guide rails (beams), component blocks, guide rail connectors, bolts, washers, and slider nuts.

Flat roof supports are similar in structure to ground-based supports, typically using concrete foundations or concrete counterweights. Depending on the roof structure, independent foundations or strip foundations may be used. The connection between the foundation and the support columns can be achieved through pre-embedded anchor bolts or by directly embedding the columns into the concrete foundation. Flat roof supports do not damage the roof's waterproofing layer and are characterized by structural flexibility, convenient installation, and high reliability.